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This paper analyses the human rights component of the peace agreement signed in Macedonia (2001) with a discourse on ethnic issues. Many agreements, such as Ohrid Framework Agreement, provide for a transition to democracy and enforcement of human rights.

A greater emphasis is given on the Ohrid Framework Agreement in the area of conflict resolution and the derivation of constitutional human rights changes in 2001 regarding its present challenges and perspectives. Given the breadth of human rights and its complexity this paper will introduce the reader to the scope of the human rights concept and aspects of conflict resolution in the Republic of Macedonia since 1991. We also address the role which the European Union (EU) representatives in the WB6 play in the overall dynamics of the leaders’ meetings.Ībstract There is a conduit which links ideas of human rights and conflict resolution.

We see the leaders’ meetings as an instance for analysing the interaction between formal and informal institutions, and we use this report to lay out some of our initial findings on how this interaction takes place. During our research, we encountered the informal institution of ‘leaders’ meetings’, which, as we describe, often complements and/or overrides formal institutional and political procedures and outcomes. The second theme of this report is concerned with the phenomenon of inter-party politics. On the theme of clientelism, we present cross-national findings about the extent and character of clientelist practices in the WB6, analyse the role of citizens in establishing clientelist linkages, and discuss citizens’ perceptions of the various manifestations of clientelism. This involves an array of clientelist practices, facilitated through informal relations, which are found throughout all the countries under study to different degrees and in varying forms. The first theme is parties’ strategies of electoral mobilization, which, in the WB6, are often substantially based on the establishment of non-programmatic linkages with citizens. We identify and discuss two major themes relating to the ‘informal life’ of political parties in the six countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia). The research was conducted during the first half of implementation of the Horizon 2020 project ‘Closing the gap between formal and informal institutions in the Balkans’ (INFORM). This report presents the main findings and conclusions from our research into informal political practices in the Western Balkans (WB6) societies.

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